Study Reveals Shivering and Exercise Equally Convert White Fat to Brown

 


According to new findings from the G-A R V-A N Institute of Medical Research, both periods of moderate exercise and shivering are equally capable of transforming "white fat" into "brown fat". 


Shivering and moderate exercise, according to a new study, can both stimulate the conversion of "white fat", which stores energy, into "brown fat", which burns calories. 


More than 300 kilocalories of energy are stored in approximately 50 g of white fat. Up to 300 kilocalories per day could be burned by eating the same amount of brown fat. 


Dr Paul Lee, an endocrinologist from his Institute of Medical Research in Sydney, recently conducted the research as an NHMRC Early Career Research Fellow at the NIH in Washington. 


His work revealed a way that fat and muscle speak with one another through unambiguous chemicals, turning white fat cells into earthy-colored fat cells to safeguard us against cold. 


The hormones iris in, which is made by muscle, and FGF21, which is made by brown fat, increased during cold exposure and exercise, Dr Lee demonstrated. In particular, an hour of moderate exercise was equivalent to an increase in iris in after 10 to 15 minutes of shivering. Over the course of six days, iris in and FGF21 transform human white fat cells in the laboratory into brown fat cells. Cell Metabolism has just published the study. 


As a way of keeping us warm as newborns, nature provides us with brown fat reserves around our necks. It was thought to disappear in early childhood until just a few years ago; however, we now know that brown fat is present in most, if not all, adults. Adults who have more brown fat are slimmer than adults who don't. 


According to Dr Lee, "its energy-burning nature makes it a potential therapeutic target against obesity and diabetes", which is why excitement in the field of brown fat has increased significantly in recent years. 


"White fat that changes into earthy-colored fat could safeguard creatures against diabetes, heftiness, and a greasy liver", With more brown fat, humans have lower glucose level


Brown fat is activated first when we are cold because it protects us by burning calories and releasing heat. When that energy is insufficient, muscles shiver or mechanically contract, resulting in heat production. Lee investigated the hormones produced by brown fat and shivering muscle, respectively


In 2012, NIH-funded research led a Harvard University team to the discovery of iris in, which was identified as an exercise-stimulated muscle hormone that transformed white fat in animals into brown fat. 


The baffling part of the finding was that practice itself produces heat, so how could practicing muscles start a cycle that could create yet more intensity? 


Lee asked participants in the cold exposure study to take exercise tests to compare the two processes. He stated, "We discovered that shivering for 10-15 minutes produced the same amount of iris in as exercising for an hour on a bicycle at a moderate level". 


Because both processes involve muscle contraction, "we speculate that exercise could be mimicking shivering", and "we speculate that exercise-stimulated iris in could have evolved from shivering in the cold". 


From a clinical perspective, the previously unknown cold-stimulated hormone system represented by iris in and FGF21 may be utilized in future obesity therapeutics through brown fat activation. 


The Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases at the NIH provided funding for the study

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