Space has a way of causing significant upper respiratory congestion in the human body & The human body is highly prone to nausea while in space & Lack of gravity has an impact on the eyes

 


Space has a way of causing significant upper respiratory congestion in the human body


According to Science in the News, upper respiratory congestion is something that occurs in space due to the absence of gravity, or microgravity. A cephalad fluid shift occurs in microgravity because there is a loss of the normal head-to-foot hydrostatic pressure gradient experienced during upright posture on Earth, according to the authors of a study that was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association's Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery in 2020. 


In layman's terms, this means that because microgravity does not properly distribute bodily fluids downward, not only will the upper body swell, but one may also feel congestion in the upper respiratory tract, including pressure in the head. Another way to put it: nasal and sinus congestion symptoms can be dangerous for astronauts. 


NASA says that astronauts often temporarily lose their sense of smell while in space, just like you might lose your sense of smell when you have a cold or a sinus infection, and as a result, the sense of taste may become impaired. "From the mid-1960s on, space explorers found that their taste buds didn't appear to be as compelling when they were in space", wrote NASA


The human body is highly prone to nausea while in space


The BBC reports that the effects of the lack of gravity in space on the human body cause up to 50% of all astronauts to experience nausea. Because the inner ear is believed to be receiving environmental signals that are in opposition to what the eye is seeing, this nausea is thought to be a form of "motion sickness". This is typically the cause of motion sickness in automobiles, boats, and airplanes. On Earth, our inner ears subconsciously inform us of our position in relation to the ground and the sky. 


 When we are experiencing motion sickness on Earth, it is common for us to be able to find solace by actively using our eyes to observe the movement that our inner ears may be registering unconsciously. Because there isn't any gravity in space, the inner ears can't tell us where we are in relation to "up" and "down". Our eyes are simultaneously identifying what they believe to be "up" and "down". One of the most common side effects of space travel is nausea, dizziness, and headaches. Even better, it has a name: The Mars Generation refers to this condition as "Space Adaptation Syndrome" (SAS). Fortunately, once a space traveler returns to Earth, this phenomenon is not known to last


Lack of gravity has an impact on the eyes

According to Harvard University's Science in the News, vision impairment is another risk associated with space travel. National Geographic revealed that, unlike some of the other things that can happen to the human body in space, this one may last forever.  Microgravity's inability to optimally distribute the body's fluids is one reason. Gravity aids in the distribution of sufficient fluid to the lower body on Earth, whereas this is impossible in space. 



This can result in damage to the optic nerve and an irreversible flattening of the eyeball, as astronaut John Phillips discovered in 2005 after six months in space. NASA says that this phenomenon is now known as "Space-Associated Neurovascular Syndrome" (SANS). SANS has been observed in approximately 70% of space travelers to varying degrees, and prolonged stays in space frequently exacerbate the condition. 


One more justification for space-related vision debilitation is that the human body is nearer to the sun while in space than it is on the planet and doesn't have the advantage of the world's environment to channel the sun's UV radiation, which is known to harm the eyes. In addition, elevated levels of carbon dioxide and the effects of radiation in general, which can and have been shown to permanently alter a person's genes, may be to blame (via BBC)

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