Marijuana Use Doubles Risk of Deadly Complication After Rare Type of Bleeding Stroke

 


Adults who had a certain kind of bleeding stroke were more than twice as likely to have a serious stroke complication that increased their risk of death and disability if they had used marijuana within the last three to thirty days. 


This is the largest study to date looking at how marijuana's mood-altering ingredient, THC, affects stroke complications.


New research published today in stroke, a peer-reviewed journal of the American stroke Association, a division of the American Heart Association, found that recent marijuana users were more than twice as likely to develop a dangerous complication that can result in death or greater disability among people with an aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (A-SAH) stroke, a type of bleeding stroke. 


The largest study to date examines the effect of THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component of marijuana, which alters a person's mental state, on complications following an aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (a severe but rare stroke)


A ruptured aneurysm, a weak and bulging part of a blood vessel, ruptures on the surface of the brain in an aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage, which causes bleeding in the space between the brain and the tissue that covers it. This type of stroke can be devastating, causing neurological disability in approximately 66% of patients and death in approximately 40% (during the follow-up period). Aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhages require immediate treatment that focuses on stopping and preventing further bleeding. 


However, many patients may experience worsening symptoms (such as difficulty speaking or moving) in the 14 days following an aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage, despite treatment. This is because the blood from the first stroke irritates blood vessels, causing them to constrict to the point where they cut off the blood supply to a portion of the brain in a condition, causing more damage to the brain. After an A-SAH stroke, this complication, known as delayed cerebral ischemia, is a leading cause of death and disability.


According to Michael T Lawton, MD, senior author of the study and president and CEO of Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona, we're all vulnerable to a bleeding stroke or a ruptured aneurysm, but if you're a regular marijuana user, you may be predisposed to a worse outcome from a stroke after the rupture of that aneurysm


At Barrow Neurological Institute, ruptured aneurysms were treated for more than 1,000 patients. Ninety-eight people failed tests for THC, the component of cannabis that is also referred to as marijuana, and 46 people passed with a positive result. Cannabis use was linked to a 2.7-fold increased risk of delayed cerebral ischemia


The study does not specifically address the increased risk and delayed cerebral ischemia that cannabis causes. "Cannabis may impair oxygen metallization and energy production within cells", Lawton stated. Cells are much more susceptible to changes that affect oxygen delivery and blood flow to the brain when stressed by a ruptured aneurysm. 


The fact that the study was done retrospectively at a single institution and did not compare people who use marijuana to those who do not is one of its limitations. 


In order to gain a deeper comprehension of the risks associated with THC that may influence aneurysm formation and rupture, the researchers are currently carrying out follow-up studies in the laboratory. Additionally, they call for additional research to investigate the effects of various THC doses on stroke complications. 


Lawton stated, "Given its popularity and as more states make recreational marijuana use legal, it is more important to evaluate the risks and benefits of marijuana use". 


Despite not being a randomized controlled trial, the current study is a rigorous statistical analysis involving over 1,000 patients. As a result, the findings are significant and add to what we already know about the potential negative effects of marijuana use

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