Battling Triceratops & Mars Has Two Speeds Of Sound & Neptune's Strange Temperature Fluctuations

 


Battling Triceratops

The impressive crests that rise like halos above the heads of Triceratops are what make them famous. Their enormous horns protrude from their faces. Paleontologists have long been intrigued by the holes in the crests of fossil triceratops remains. 


It has been hypothesized that there may be a number of reasons for the holes in their crests. They could be formed naturally or as a result of bone loss as we get older, depending on their characteristics. Injury sustained in combat with other triceratops is another possibility.


Big John, a triceratops with a keyhole-shaped on the right side of his crest, was the subject of a recent study that was published in the scientific journal Scientific Reports. New bone growth was found when it was examined, indicating that the wound that caused the hole was still healing. 


Scientists recreated the injury and made a model of a triceratops horn to test the theory. They discovered that the size and shape of the hole pointed to an attack from behind that cut through the crest and then dragged it down. 


While we will generally consider herbivores as being for the most part serene, it seems triceratops wasn't above betraying each other when the circumstance called for it


 Mars Has Two Speeds Of Sound



Even on Earth, the speed of sound does not always remain constant, contrary to popular belief. The speed of sound varies with altitude as a result of atmospheric conditions because sound travels through various mediums at different rates. Due to the thickness and composition of alien atmospheres, the speed of sound should necessarily differ when looking toward other planets. Since we have sent many rovers and probes to the surface of Mars, we can test that hypothesize there. On Mars, scientists using the Perseverance rover recently measured the speed of sound with onboard microphones. Due to Mars's thin, carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere, the speed of sound was slower than expected—around 240 meters per second compared to Earth's 343 meters per second, according to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. However, scientists discovered that the frequency of the soundwaves' travel revealed two distinct speeds of sound. Higher-frequency waves travel at approximately 250 meters per second, whereas low-frequency waves travel at 240 meters per second. Furthermore, according to the Earth Science Agency (ESA), the atmosphere is so thin that sound can only travel over short distances


Neptune's Strange Temperature Fluctuations



Neptune, the most distant planet in the solar system (take it up with the astronomical union; we also love Pluto), is tilted in the same way that Earth is, so it goes through seasonal changes as it slowly moves around the Sun. 


These seasons can last for a very long time, unlike on Earth. Each season can last for decades because one orbit around the sun takes about 165 Earth years. Something unexpected about Neptune's summer temperatures was discovered by recent observations using decades' worth of data. 


Astronomers at the University of Leicester discovered that the planet had actually cooled by 8 degrees Celsius, rather than getting warmer. In addition, it was observed that the temperature at the southern equator rose by 11 degrees Celsius. 


The reason why Neptune's temperatures do not match our expectations is still unknown. As the planet enters a new season, scientists intend to continue observing in the hope of deciphering any bizarre environmental phenomena 

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