Sobia Chandni

  All multicellular life, including humans, worms, and blue whales, begins as a single-celled egg.  Each new cell that develops in the right place at the right time to carry out a specific function in coordination with its neighbors emerges from this one single cell, creating the galaxy of other cells necessary to construct an organism.  Despite decades of research, biologists have not been able to fully comprehend this feat, which is one of the most remarkable in nature.  Researchers from Harvard Medical School and Harvard University now describe in three landmark studies that were published in Science how they systematically profiled every cell in developing zebrafish and frog embryos to establish a path that reveals how a single cell builds an entire organism.  The research teams followed the progress of individual cells over the first 24 hours of an embryo's life using single-cell sequencing technology. As embryonic cells transition into new states and types...

  As a result of the State Bank of Pakistan preventing the payment of $34 million to international service providers, mobile customers will not be able to access the services provided by the Google Play Store beginning on December 1, 2022. After the central bank stopped using the direct carrier billing (DCB) mechanism, the payment of $34 million annually through mobile companies to overseas service providers like Google, Amazon, and Meta stalled. In order to make purchases solely with credit cards or debit cards, customers in Pakistan will now be required to download Google and other foreign apps. However, the majority of mobile users might not be able to download programs from the Google Play Store because the credit card option is only available to a limited number of customers.  In light of the country's current liquidity crisis, the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), the Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication, and four cellular mobile operators (...

  Columbia University's study in mice shows how extraordinary cells in the nose assist the mind with recognizing the world's close, endless mixes of aromas.  We are constantly surrounded by smells throughout the day. Odors can quickly alert us to bad food or bring back memories. However, how does our brain recognize so many distinct odors? And how simple is it for us to decipher the components of a mixture of odors? Scientists from Columbia University have discovered the answer to these questions in a new study on mice that was recently published in Science. "From trash to cologne, the fragrances we experience consistently involve hundreds or even a huge number of individual smells", said S T U A-R T F I-R E-S T E-I N, PhD, a Columbia teacher of natural sciences and the co-senior creator of the present review. Over 800 distinct odor molecules could be present in your morning cup of coffee. Scientists have struggled for a long time to explain how this system works when...

  U C L-A researchers found that increasing park in levels in fruit F L I-E cells increased their lifespan by more than 25% in comparison to a control group that received no additional park in.  A gene that had been linked to Parkinson's disease has been found to be able to prolong fruit F L I-E healthy lifespans and delay the onset of aging. They assert that the research may have significant repercussions for human aging and disease. Park in, a gene, performs at least two essential functions: It is thought to play a significant role in the process of removing damaged mitochondria from cells and marking damaged proteins so that cells can discard them before they become toxic.  David Walker, senior author of the study and U C L-A associate professor of integrative biology and physiology, stated, "Aging is a major risk factor for the development and progression of many neurodegenerative diseases". We believe that our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by...

  Success is not by chance. Perseverance is required to achieve your objective. But where does the drive originate? The neural circuit in the brain of fruit fly that enables them to perform at their best when searching for food has been identified by an international team of researchers led by scientists from the Technical University of Munich (T U M). Fruit fly can move faster when they smell vinegar or fruit. They run until they are exhausted to get to the food. However, despite their efforts, they never reach their objective: The tiny fly is running around the laboratory set up at the T U M School of Life Sciences W E-I H-E N S T E-P H A-N while their upper bodies are fixed in place.  They are turning a ball that is floating on an air cushion with their legs. Professor of Neurobiology Ilona C. G R U N W A-L D K-A D O W can tell how much effort the fruit fly is putting into finding food by the speed at which it turns.  Our experiments demonstrate that individuals who ...

  Vitamin D deficiency is strongly linked to increased mortality, particularly in younger and middle-aged people, and is particularly associated with diabetes-related deaths. The examination was led by Dr Rodrigo and associates at the Clinical College of Vienna, Austria. It looked at the effects of low blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D), also known as vitamin D, on overall and cause-specific mortality in a large study cohort that included people of all ages and was made up of people who took little vitamin D supplements as they got older Numerous studies and clinical trials support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency has a link to mortality. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for early death that is easily corrected and widespread. However, the majority of this research has focused on older populations, and the authors believe that the prevalence of vitamin D supplementation among the elderly may have affected many of the largest-scale studies. They also say: "There...

  Using extremely powerful suction organs, the aquatic larvae of the net-winged midge are able to move easily on rocks in torrential rivers. These organs' intricate structure has been revealed in great detail thanks to cutting-edge imaging methods, which shed light on their dependable operation. The findings, which were published on December 18, 2019, in the journal BMC Zoology, may help improve man-made suction cups that are effective on a wide range of surfaces. In torrential alpine rivers that can move as fast as three meters per second, the larvae can quickly detach and reattach to underwater rocks. Only forces greater than 600 times their body weight can detach their highly specialized suction organs, which are so powerful. They are out of harm's way because the water is moving so quickly, and it is unlikely that competitors or predators will survive in this difficult environment The larvae use their suction organs to attach themselves with incredible strength to the river...